{"id":12099,"date":"2015-02-17T22:08:38","date_gmt":"2015-02-17T11:08:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/creately.com\/blog\/?p=12099"},"modified":"2024-09-12T00:42:41","modified_gmt":"2024-09-11T13:42:41","slug":"use-case-diagram-relationships","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/creately.com\/blog\/diagrams\/use-case-diagram-relationships\/","title":{"rendered":"Use Case Diagram Relationships Explained with Examples"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"bsf_rt_marker\"><\/div><p>When it comes to drawing use case diagrams one area many struggles with is showing various relationships in use case diagrams. In fact many tend to confuse &lt;&lt;extend&gt;&gt;, &lt;&lt;include&gt;&gt; and generalization. This article will look into various <strong>use case diagram relationships<\/strong> in detail and explain them using examples. To get a deeper understanding of use cases, check out our <a title=\"Use Case Diagram Tutorial ( Guide with Examples )\" href=\"https:\/\/creately.com\/blog\/diagrams\/use-case-diagram-tutorial\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">use case diagram tutorial<\/a>. If you want to draw them while learning you can use our tool to <a href=\"https:\/\/creately.com\/diagram-type\/use-case\">create use case diagrams<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>There can be 5 relationship types in a use case diagram.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Association between actor and use case<\/li>\n<li>Generalization of an actor<\/li>\n<li>Extend between two use cases<\/li>\n<li>Include\u00a0between two use cases<\/li>\n<li>Generalization of a use case<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Let&#8217;s take a look at these relationships in detail.<\/p>\n<h3>Association Between Actor and Use Case<\/h3>\n<p>This one is straightforward and present in every <a href=\"https:\/\/creately.com\/lp\/online-use-case-diagram-tool\/\">online use case diagram tool.<\/a> Few things to note.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>An actor must be associated with at least one use case.<\/li>\n<li>An actor can be associated with multiple use cases.<\/li>\n<li>Multiple actors can be associated with a single use case.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_12110\" style=\"width: 405px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/creately.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/use-case-relationship-actor-use-case.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12110\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12110\" src=\"https:\/\/creately.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/use-case-relationship-actor-use-case.png\" alt=\"use case diagram relationships for actor and use case\" width=\"395\" height=\"175\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3n817fwly711g.cloudfront.net\/uploads\/2015\/02\/use-case-relationship-actor-use-case.png 395w, https:\/\/d3n817fwly711g.cloudfront.net\/uploads\/2015\/02\/use-case-relationship-actor-use-case-300x133.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 395px) 100vw, 395px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-12110\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Different ways association relationship appears in use case diagrams<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Check out the <a title=\"Use case diagram guidelines\" href=\"https:\/\/creately.com\/blog\/diagrams\/use-case-diagram-guidelines\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">use case diagram guidelines<\/a> for other things to consider when adding an actor.<\/p>\n<h3>Generalization of an Actor<\/h3>\n<p>Generalization of an actor means that one actor can inherit the role of the other actor. The descendant inherits all the use cases of the ancestor. The descendant has one or more use cases that are specific to that role. Let&#8217;s expand the previous use case diagram to show the generalization of an\u00a0actor.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_12111\" style=\"width: 410px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/creately.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/use-case-relationship-actor-generalization.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12111\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12111\" src=\"https:\/\/creately.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/use-case-relationship-actor-generalization.png\" alt=\"actor generalization use case relationship\" width=\"400\" height=\"363\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3n817fwly711g.cloudfront.net\/uploads\/2015\/02\/use-case-relationship-actor-generalization.png 400w, https:\/\/d3n817fwly711g.cloudfront.net\/uploads\/2015\/02\/use-case-relationship-actor-generalization-300x272.png 300w, https:\/\/d3n817fwly711g.cloudfront.net\/uploads\/2015\/02\/use-case-relationship-actor-generalization-200x181.png 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-12111\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A generalized actor in an use case diagram<\/p><\/div>\n<h3>Extend Relationship Between Two Use Cases<\/h3>\n<p>Many people confuse the extend relationship in use cases. As the name implies it extends the base use case and adds more functionality to the system. Here are a few things to consider when using the &lt;&lt;<strong>extend<\/strong>&gt;&gt; relationship.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>The extending use case is dependent on the extended (base) use case<\/strong>. In the below diagram the &#8220;Calculate Bonus&#8221; use case doesn&#8217;t make much sense without the &#8220;Deposit Funds&#8221; use case.<\/li>\n<li><strong>The extending use case is usually optional<\/strong> and can be triggered conditionally. In the diagram, you can see that the extending use case is triggered only for deposits over 10,000 or when the age is over 55.<\/li>\n<li><strong>The extended (base) use case must be meaningful on its own<\/strong>. This means it should be independent and must not rely on the behavior of the extending use case.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Lets expand our current example to show the &lt;&lt;extend&gt;&gt; relationship.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_12113\" style=\"width: 555px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/creately.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/use-case-diagram-relationships-extend.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12113\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12113\" src=\"https:\/\/creately.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/use-case-diagram-relationships-extend.png\" alt=\"use case diagram relationships with extend\" width=\"545\" height=\"363\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3n817fwly711g.cloudfront.net\/uploads\/2015\/02\/use-case-diagram-relationships-extend.png 545w, https:\/\/d3n817fwly711g.cloudfront.net\/uploads\/2015\/02\/use-case-diagram-relationships-extend-300x200.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 545px) 100vw, 545px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-12113\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Extend relationship in use case diagrams<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Although extending use case is optional most of the time it is not a must. An extending use case can have non-optional behavior as well. This mostly happens when your modeling complex behaviors.<\/p>\n<p>For example, in an accounting system, one use case might be &#8220;Add Account Ledger Entry&#8221;. This might have extending use cases &#8220;Add Tax Ledger Entry&#8221; and &#8220;Add Payment Ledger Entry&#8221;. These are not optional but depend on the account ledger entry. Also, they have their own specific behavior to be modeled as a separate use case.<\/p>\n<h3>Include Relationship Between Two Use Cases<\/h3>\n<p>Include relationship show that the behavior of the included use case is part of the including (base) use case. The main reason for this is to reuse common actions\u00a0across multiple use cases. In some situations, this is done to simplify complex behaviors. Few things to consider when using the &lt;&lt;include&gt;&gt; relationship.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The base use case is incomplete\u00a0without the included use case.<\/li>\n<li>The included use case is mandatory and not optional.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Lest expand our banking system use case diagram to show include relationships as well.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_12114\" style=\"width: 555px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/creately.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/use-case-diagram-relationships-include.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12114\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12114\" src=\"https:\/\/creately.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/use-case-diagram-relationships-include.png\" alt=\"How to use include in use case diagrams\" width=\"545\" height=\"513\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3n817fwly711g.cloudfront.net\/uploads\/2015\/02\/use-case-diagram-relationships-include.png 545w, https:\/\/d3n817fwly711g.cloudfront.net\/uploads\/2015\/02\/use-case-diagram-relationships-include-300x282.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 545px) 100vw, 545px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-12114\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Includes is usually used to model common behavior<\/p><\/div>\n<p>For some further reading regarding the difference between extend and include relationships in use case diagrams check this <a title=\"Difference between include and extend in use case diagrams\" href=\"http:\/\/stackoverflow.com\/questions\/1696927\/whats-is-the-difference-between-include-and-extend-in-use-case-diagram\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">StackOverflow link<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3>Generalization of a Use Case<\/h3>\n<p>This is similar to the generalization of an actor. The behavior of the ancestor is inherited by the descendant. This is used when there is common behavior between two use cases and also specialized behavior specific to each use case.<\/p>\n<p>For example, in the previous banking example, there might be a use case called &#8220;Pay Bills&#8221;. This can be generalized to &#8220;Pay by Credit Card&#8221;, &#8220;Pay by Bank Balance&#8221; etc.<\/p>\n<p>I hope you found this article about <strong>use case relationships<\/strong> helpful and useful. You can use our <a href=\"https:\/\/creately.com\/templates\">diagramming tool<\/a> to easily create <a title=\"Create use case diagrams online\" href=\"https:\/\/creately.com\/lp\/online-use-case-diagram-tool\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">use case diagrams online<\/a>. As always if you have any questions don&#8217;t hesitate to ask them in the comments section.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When it comes to drawing use case diagrams one area many struggles with is showing various relationships in use case diagrams. In fact many tend to confuse &lt;&lt;extend&gt;&gt;, &lt;&lt;include&gt;&gt; and generalization. This article will look into various use case diagram&#8230;<span class=\"continue-reading\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/creately.com\/blog\/diagrams\/use-case-diagram-relationships\/\">Read More<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":28073,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[579,581,154,582],"class_list":["post-12099","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-diagrams","tag-use-case","tag-use-case-diagram-relationships","tag-use-case-diagrams","tag-use-case-relationships"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Use Case Diagram Relationships Explained with Examples - Creately Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This use case diagram relationships tutorial will cover all you need to know about relationships in use cases. 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